![]() By 1900, the ratio of Senators had changed to five Republicans, two Democrats, and two Populists. In 1895, the Committee consisted of nine Senators (four Republicans, four Democrats, and 1 Populist). In that year the number was increased to six, to seven in 1881, and to nine in 1894. The Agriculture Committee from 1825 until 1879 consisted of five Senators. In the Senate, Redfield Proctor, a Republican Senator from Vermont, had been at the helm of the Agriculture Committee since 1895. Increasingly, they were turning to the Congress and the President for help. From 1860 to 1900 the average size of American farms had declined from 199 acres to 147 acres and the percentage of farmers in the labor force declined from 58 to 38 percent. That increasing urban base was causing problems for farmers. ![]() ![]() Although immigrants represented about 14 percent of the country's total population, in the cities that number rose to 26 percent. By 1915, only 65 percent were living outside cities of 30,000 or more. In 1890, roughly four of five Americans lived in rural areas. Agriculture's paradigm changed from widespread subsistence farming to a system of farms providing food for the newly urbanized areas. It was undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization during the first decades of the 20th century. 199-227.)Īt the same time, America's rural beginnings were changing. (Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," American Historical Association, Annual Report for the year 1893, Washington, D.C., pp. With the admission of Utah as our 45th State in 1896, the country, it was thought, could now be considered complete. During this period, the Wright Brothers demonstrated their new flying machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, America opened the Panama Canal, a World War was fought and won, and Congress began restricting the huge number of immigrants flooding into the United States. The period 1900 to the great stock market crash of 1929, was one of dramatic change in American society in general, agriculture in particular, and the Senate Agriculture Committee specifically. Chapter 3: From the "Golden Age" to the Great Depression: 1900-1929
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